Jonathan H. Frank
Distinguished Member of Technical Staff, Combustion Research Facility, Reacting Flows
Distinguished Member of Technical Staff, Combustion Research Facility, Reacting Flows
(925) 294-4645
Sandia National Laboratories, California
P.O. Box 969
Livermore, CA 94551-0969
Biography
As the Principal Investigator of the Advanced Imaging Laboratory, Jonathan Frank has extensive experience in the development and application of laser diagnostics for multidimensional imaging of chemically reacting flows. As a leader in his field, he has made important contributions to fundamental understanding of turbulence-chemistry interactions as well as to model validation efforts in combustion science. His current research focuses on laser imaging diagnostics for plasma science, catalysis, and investigations of fundamental electron scattering processes, making him an excellent mediator between the fields of plasma physics, combustion, and catalysis. His recent work in plasmas has provided insights into the spatiotemporal evolution of key reactive species in hydrocarbon plasmas and water-laden plasmas.
Research Interests
Imaging and spectroscopy for high-speed, multi-dimensional measurements of neutral and radical flow fields and dynamic systems.
Education
PhD, Mechanical Engineering
Yale University
Masters, Mechanical Engineering
Yale University
Bachelor, Physics
Wesleyan University
Research Highlights
Researchers demonstrate quantitative imaging of the methyl radical (CH3) in a nanosecond pulsed plasma using photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence.
![<!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Biography</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Tim Zwier joined Sandia National Laboratories’ Combustion Research Facility (CRF) in January 2020 after spending much of his independent research career in academia. Zwier had served as PhD research advisor for more than 40 graduate students and about a dozen post-doctoral research associates. His research interests span the areas of large-molecule spectroscopy and chemical dynamics. With other Gas Phase Chemical Physics program (GPCP) staff at Sandia, he is developing and using modern tools of gas-phase chemical physics to probe the spectroscopy and dynamics of molecules that can undergo conformational isomerization, structural isomerization, and/or chemical reaction on complex potential energy surfaces.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3>Current Research</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>We prepare and study molecules under state-resolved conditions to gain insight to their structures, relative energies, interconversion, and reaction at the highest levels of detail and quantitative accuracy. Double resonance measurements involving microwave, infrared, and ultraviolet spectra of individual isomers serve as a foundation for pump-probe experiments following selective electronic or infrared excitation of individual isomers. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:image {"id":431,"sizeSlug":"full","linkDestination":"none","className":"is-style-default"} --> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-style-default"><img src="https://www.sandia.gov/app/uploads/sites/248/2023/08/tim-project-img1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-431"/><figcaption>Multi-stage Mass Spectrometer used to study the infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy and photochemistry of cryo-cooled, gas-phase ions. </figcaption></figure> <!-- /wp:image --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Our GPCP CRF research group uses a broadband chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave (CP-FTMW) spectrometer that is also outfitted for photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS), to optimize conditions for production of specific reactive intermediates in the TOFMS before recording spectra under those conditions. We are also developing a cryo-cooled buffer gas cell as an alternative means of studying reactive intermediates. Studies of the infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy of large molecular ions and complexes are carried out in a versatile, multi-stage mass spectrometer that incorporates a cryo-cooled ion trap. Single-conformation IR and UV spectra are recorded using IR-UV double resonance photofragment spectroscopy.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:image {"id":550,"sizeSlug":"full","linkDestination":"none"} --> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img src="https://www.sandia.gov/app/uploads/sites/248/2023/08/tim-project-image2.1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-550"/><figcaption>Chirped-pulse Fourier Transform Microwave (CP-FTMW) instrument used to record rotational spectra of reactive intermediates in the gas phase. The vacuum chamber also incorporates a time-of-flight mass spectrometer that can be used with vacuum ultraviolet photoionization to measure mass spectra of the reactive mixture. (Left) Schematic diagram of the microwave electronics, and (right) photograph of the vacuum chamber and associated electronics. </figcaption></figure> <!-- /wp:image --> <!-- wp:image {"align":"center","id":434,"sizeSlug":"full","linkDestination":"none"} --> <div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img src="https://www.sandia.gov/app/uploads/sites/248/2023/08/tim-proj-img3.png" alt="" class="wp-image-434"/></figure></div> <!-- /wp:image --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3>Research Interests</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Gas phase molecular spectroscopy, chemical dynamics, conformational isomerization, multi-chromophore molecules, excited state spectroscopy and photochemistry, structural characterization of free radicals and reactive intermediates, studies of ions in molecular cavities, and atmospheric sulfur oxidation chemistry. <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LVSrNXEAAAAJ&hl=en">Google Scholar</a></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Professional Organizations & Leadership</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:list --> <ul><li><strong>Purdue University</strong><ul><li>M.G. Mellon Distinguished Professor of Chemistry: 2007 to 2018</li><li>Department Head, Department of Chemistry: 2013 to 2017</li><li>Department Head, Department of Chemistry: 2004 to 2008</li><li>Professor of Chemistry: 1997 to 2006</li><li>Assistant, Associate Professor of Chemistry: 1983 to 1997</li></ul></li><li><strong>Calvin College</strong><ul><li>Assistant Professor of Chemistry: 1983 to 1988</li></ul></li><li> <strong>The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters</strong><ul><li>Senior Editor: 2010 to 2019</li><li>Senior Editor: 2003 to 2009</li></ul></li><li><strong>American Physical Society</strong><ul><li>Chair, Division of Chemical Physics</li></ul></li></ul> <!-- /wp:list --> <!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Awards</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:table {"className":"is-style-stripes"} --> <figure class="wp-block-table is-style-stripes"><table><thead><tr><th>Award</th><th>Year</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Humboldt Research Award, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow</td><td>2016</td></tr><tr><td>Arthur E. Kelly Award for Outstanding Teaching</td><td>2014</td></tr><tr><td>American Chemical Society Fellow</td><td>2010</td></tr><tr><td>Earle K. Plyler Prize in Molecular Spectroscopy, APS</td><td>2007</td></tr><tr><td>Purdue University Faculty Scholar</td><td>1999 - 2004</td></tr><tr><td>American Physical Society Fellow</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow</td><td>1989 - 1991</td></tr></tbody></table></figure> <!-- /wp:table --> <!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Featured Publication</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph {"align":"left","dropCap":true,"className":"has-background","fontSize":"20px"} --> <p class="has-drop-cap has-text-align-left has-background has-20-px-font-size"><a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03457"><strong>Molecular Cage Reports on Its Contents: Spectroscopic Signatures of Cryo-Cooled K<sup>+</sup>- and Ba<sup>2+</sup>-Benzocryptand Complexes</strong></a></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:group --> <div class="wp-block-group"><!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Casey D. Foley, Cole D. Allen, Kendrew Au, Chin Lee, Susan B. Rempe, Pengyu Ren, Edwin L. Sibert III<em>, and Timothy S. Zwier</em></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p><em>The Journal of Physical Chemistry A</em> 2023, 127, 30, 6227-6240 <strong>(A: Structure, Spectroscopy, and Reactivity of Molecules and Clusters)</strong></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p><strong>Publication Date (Web): </strong>July 21, 2023</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p><strong>DOI: </strong>10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03457</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --></div> <!-- /wp:group --> <!-- wp:spacer {"height":"10px"} --> <div style="height:10px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <!-- /wp:spacer --> <!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Publications</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:snl-blocks/publications {"selectedAuthors":["Timothy Zwier (8353) #119259"]} /-->](https://www.sandia.gov/app/uploads/sites/175/2023/06/Picture1-edited.png)
The Science
Low-temperature plasmas can facilitate chemical conversion of hydrocarbons while avoiding use of high-temperature reactors. Methyl (CH3) is a key reactive molecule in plasma hydrocarbon chemistry. For example, it is formed by removal of a hydrogen atom from methane (CH4). Scientists need imaging measurements of methyl distributions to better understand chemical reactions of hydrocarbons in plasmas. Laser diagnostics provide non-intrusive measurements in plasmas. However, laser imaging of methyl using a conventional approach of laser-induced fluorescence is problematic because methyl falls apart after laser excitation. Scientists have overcome this limitation by detecting the CH fragment that is formed when methyl falls apart.
The Impact
The demonstration of 2D imaging measurements of the methyl radical in a low-temperature plasma opens new opportunities to understand the formation and destruction of a key molecule in hydrocarbon chemistry of plasmas. Studies using this diagnostic technique could provide new insights into how plasmas promote chemical reactions in important applications, such as plasma-assisted combustion, catalysis, and reforming. A deeper understanding and control of these processes is needed to develop new approaches to plasma-assisted energy conversion and chemical synthesis, such as the generation of higher value hydrocarbons from inexpensive abundant hydrocarbon fuels.
Summary
The methyl radical plays a central role in plasma-assisted hydrocarbon chemistry but is challenging to detect due to its high reactivity and strongly pre-dissociative electronically excited states. Researchers at a DOE/FES Low Temperature Plasma Research Facility have demonstrated quantitative 2D imaging of methyl profiles in a plasma using photo-fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PF-LIF). This technique provides temporally and spatially resolved measurements of local methyl distributions, including in near-surface regions that are important for plasma-surface interactions such as plasma-assisted catalysis. The technique relies on laser photo-dissociation of methyl to produce CH fragments. These photofragments are then detected with LIF imaging using a second laser to excite CH at 390nm, and fluorescence from CH is detected near 430nm. This non-resonant detection scheme enables interrogation close to a surface. The PF-LIF diagnostic is calibrated by producing a known amount of methyl through photo-dissociation of acetone vapor in a calibration gas mixture using a third laser. PF-LIF imaging of methyl production is demonstrated in methane-containing nanosecond pulsed plasmas with calibrated measurements obtained in a diffuse, plane-to-plane discharge. Relative methyl measurements in a filamentary plane-to-plane discharge and a plasma jet reveal highly localized intense production of methyl. The utility of the PF-LIF technique is further demonstrated by combining methyl measurements with formaldehyde LIF imaging to capture correlations between methyl and formaldehyde.
Contact
Jonathan Frank
Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA
jhfrank@sandia.gov
Funding
This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. This research used resources of the Low Temperature Plasma Research Facility at Sandia National Laboratories, which is a collaborative research facility supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences.The support of US Department of Energy Collaborative Research Center for Studies of Plasma-Assisted Combustion and Plasma Catalysis is also gratefully acknowledged.
Publication
van den Bekerom, D., Richards, C., Huang, E., Adamovich, I. & Frank, J. H. 2D imaging of absolute methyl concentrations in nanosecond pulsed plasma by photo-fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 31, 095018 (2022). [https://doi.org:10.1088/1361-6595/ac8f6c]
Researchers demonstrate quantitative imaging of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a nanosecond pulsed humid plasma using photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence.
![<!-- wp:columns --> <div class="wp-block-columns"><!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Chemical Physics</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:query {"queryId":16,"query":{"perPage":50,"pages":0,"offset":0,"postType":"staff-page","categoryIds":[],"tagIds":[],"order":"desc","orderBy":"date","author":"","search":"Engineering Science","exclude":[],"sticky":"","inherit":false},"displayLayout":{"type":"list","columns":3}} --> <div class="wp-block-query"><!-- wp:post-template --> <!-- wp:post-title {"textAlign":"left","level":3,"isLink":true,"linkTarget":"_blank","fontSize":"20px"} /--> <!-- /wp:post-template --></div> <!-- /wp:query --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Computation & Theory</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:query {"queryId":16,"query":{"perPage":"50","pages":0,"offset":0,"postType":"staff-page","categoryIds":[],"tagIds":[],"order":"desc","orderBy":"date","author":"","search":"Materials Physics ","exclude":[],"sticky":"","inherit":false},"displayLayout":{"type":"list","columns":3}} --> <div class="wp-block-query"><!-- wp:post-template --> <!-- wp:post-title {"textAlign":"left","level":3,"isLink":true,"linkTarget":"_blank","fontSize":"20px"} /--> <!-- /wp:post-template --></div> <!-- /wp:query --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Engine Combustion</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:query {"queryId":16,"query":{"perPage":3,"pages":0,"offset":0,"postType":"staff-page","categoryIds":[],"tagIds":[],"order":"desc","orderBy":"date","author":"","search":"Engineering Science","exclude":[],"sticky":"","inherit":false},"displayLayout":{"type":"list","columns":3}} --> <div class="wp-block-query"><!-- wp:post-template --> <!-- wp:post-title {"textAlign":"left","level":3,"isLink":true,"linkTarget":"_blank","fontSize":"20px"} /--> <!-- /wp:post-template --></div> <!-- /wp:query --></div> <!-- /wp:column --></div> <!-- /wp:columns --> <!-- wp:columns --> <div class="wp-block-columns"><!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Experimental Capabilities</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:query {"queryId":16,"query":{"perPage":50,"pages":0,"offset":0,"postType":"staff-page","categoryIds":[],"tagIds":[],"order":"desc","orderBy":"date","author":"","search":"Engineering Science","exclude":[],"sticky":"","inherit":false},"displayLayout":{"type":"list","columns":3}} --> <div class="wp-block-query"><!-- wp:post-template --> <!-- wp:post-title {"textAlign":"left","level":3,"isLink":true,"linkTarget":"_blank"} /--> <!-- /wp:post-template --></div> <!-- /wp:query --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Fusion</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:query {"queryId":16,"query":{"perPage":"50","pages":0,"offset":0,"postType":"staff-page","categoryIds":[],"tagIds":[],"order":"desc","orderBy":"date","author":"","search":"Materials Physics ","exclude":[],"sticky":"","inherit":false},"displayLayout":{"type":"list","columns":3}} --> <div class="wp-block-query"><!-- wp:post-template --> <!-- wp:post-title {"textAlign":"left","level":3,"isLink":true,"linkTarget":"_blank"} /--> <!-- /wp:post-template --></div> <!-- /wp:query --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Hydrogen</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:query {"queryId":16,"query":{"perPage":3,"pages":0,"offset":0,"postType":"staff-page","categoryIds":[],"tagIds":[],"order":"desc","orderBy":"date","author":"","search":"Engineering Science","exclude":[],"sticky":"","inherit":false},"displayLayout":{"type":"list","columns":3}} --> <div class="wp-block-query"><!-- wp:post-template --> <!-- wp:post-title {"textAlign":"left","level":3,"isLink":true,"linkTarget":"_blank"} /--> <!-- /wp:post-template --></div> <!-- /wp:query --></div> <!-- /wp:column --></div> <!-- /wp:columns --> <!-- wp:columns --> <div class="wp-block-columns"><!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Materials Science</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:query {"queryId":16,"query":{"perPage":50,"pages":0,"offset":0,"postType":"staff-page","categoryIds":[],"tagIds":[],"order":"desc","orderBy":"date","author":"","search":"Engineering Science","exclude":[],"sticky":"","inherit":false},"displayLayout":{"type":"list","columns":3}} --> <div class="wp-block-query"><!-- wp:post-template --> <!-- wp:post-title {"textAlign":"left","level":3,"isLink":true,"linkTarget":"_blank"} /--> <!-- /wp:post-template --></div> <!-- /wp:query --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Fusion</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Hydrogen</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --></div> <!-- /wp:column --></div> <!-- /wp:columns --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph -->](https://www.sandia.gov/app/uploads/sites/175/2023/06/Picture2-edited.png)
The Science
Low-temperature plasmas can facilitate chemical reactions without the need for high-temperature reactors that are precluded in temperature sensitive applications, such as biomedical treatments. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the hydroxyl radical (OH) are key reactive molecules in plasma water chemistry and can promote decontamination, wound healing, and other biomedical treatments. Scientists need imaging measurements of the distributions of these molecules to better understand chemical reactions in water-containing plasmas and the interactions of plasmas with aqueous solutions. Laser diagnostics provide non-intrusive measurements in plasmas. However, laser imaging of hydrogen peroxide using a conventional approach of laser-induced fluorescence is problematic because hydrogen peroxide falls apart after laser excitation. Scientists have overcome this limitation by detecting the OH fragments that are formed when hydrogen peroxide falls apart.
The Impact
The demonstration of 2D imaging measurements of hydrogen peroxide and the hydroxyl radical in a low-temperature plasma opens new opportunities to understand the formation, consumption, and transport of key molecules in water chemistry of plasmas. Studies using this diagnostic technique could provide new insights into how plasmas promote chemical reactions in important applications, such as plasma-assisted sterilization, decontamination, and biomedical treatments. A deeper understanding of these processes is needed to advance plasma applications and enable control of plasma sources to tailor the delivery of key species.
Summary
Hydrogen peroxide and the hydroxyl radical play central roles in plasma water chemistry, but hydrogen peroxide is challenging to detect due to its high reactivity and strongly pre-dissociative electronically excited states. Researchers at a DOE/FES Low Temperature Plasma Research Facility have demonstrated quantitative 2D imaging of hydrogen peroxide profiles in a humid plasma using photo-fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PF-LIF). This technique provides temporally and spatially resolved measurements of local hydrogen peroxide distributions, including in near-surface regions that are important for plasma-liquid or plasma-surface interactions such as treatment of tissue or sterilization/decontamination. The technique relies on laser photo-dissociation of hydrogen peroxide at 213nm to produce OH fragments. These photofragments are then detected with LIF imaging using a second laser to excite OH at 282nm, and fluorescence from OH is detected near 310nm. This non-resonant detection scheme enables interrogation close to a surface. The PF-LIF diagnostic is calibrated using a reference gas mixture containing a known amount of hydrogen peroxide. PF-LIF imaging is used to measure 2D profiles of hydrogen peroxide mole fraction in a humid nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge. The utility of the PF-LIF technique is further demonstrated by combining hydrogen peroxide measurements with OH-LIF imaging to capture correlations between hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical mole fractions.
Contact
Jonathan Frank
Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA
jhfrank@sandia.gov
Funding
This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. This research used resources of the Low Temperature Plasma Research Facility at Sandia National Laboratories, which is a collaborative research facility supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences.The support of US Department of Energy Collaborative Research Center for Studies of Plasma-Assisted Combustion and Plasma Catalysis is also gratefully acknowledged.
Publication
van den Bekerom, D., Tahiyat, M. M., Huang, E., Frank, J. H., Farouk, T. I., 2D-imaging of absolute OH and H2O2 profiles in a He–H2O nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge by photo-fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 32, 015006 (2023). [https://doi.org:10.1088/1361-6595/acaa53]
Publications
Dirk van den Bekerom, Malik Tahiyat, Erxiong Huang, Jonathan Frank, Tanvir Farouk, (2023). 2D-imaging of absolute OH and H2O2 profiles in a He–H2O nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge by photo-fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence Plasma Sources Science and Technology https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/acaa53 Publication ID: 80951
Dirk van den Bekerom, Caleb Richards, Erxiong Huang, Igor Adamovich, Jonathan Frank, (2022). 2D imaging of absolute methyl concentrations in nanosecond pulsed plasma by photo-fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence Plasma Sources Science and Technology https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ac8f6c Publication ID: 80035
Bo Zhou, Erxiong Huang, Raybel Almeida, Sadi Gurses, Coleman Kronawitter, Ambarish Kulkarni, Johan Zetterberg, David Osborn, Nils Hansen, Jonathan Frank, (2021). Imaging the gas phase above a reacting surface: partial oxidation of methanol catalyzed by silver https://doi.org/10.2172/1905696 Publication ID: 77157
Shane Sickafoose, Brian Bentz, Jonathan Frank, Nils Hansen, Matthew Hopkins, Christopher Kliewer, Amanda Lietz, Dirk van den Bekerom, (2021). SNL Plasma Research Facility (PRF) https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1890894 Publication ID: 76086
Dirk van den Bekerom, Erxiong Huang, Caleb Rchards, Igor Adamovich, Jonathan Frank, (2021). Imaging of Methyl Radical in a Plasma Jet by Photofragmentation Laser-Induced Fluorescence https://doi.org/10.2172/1891603 Publication ID: 76179
Jonathan Frank, (2021). Imaging the Gas Phase above a Reacting Surface: Partial Oxidation of Methanol over a Silver Catalyst https://doi.org/10.2172/1891738 Publication ID: 76186
Shane Sickafoose, Brian Bentz, Jonathan Frank, Nils Hansen, Matthew Hopkins, Christopher Kliewer, Amanda Lietz, Dirk van den Bekerom, (2021). SNL Plasma Research Facility https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1888656 Publication ID: 75840
Jonathan Frank, Eric Smoll, Irina Jana, Erxiong Huang, David Chandler, (2021). Development and Use of an Ultra-High Resolution Electron Scattering Apparatus https://doi.org/10.2172/1822126 Publication ID: 75884
Shane Sickafoose, Brian Bentz, Jonathan Frank, Nils Hansen, Matthew Hopkins, Christopher Kliewer, Amanda Lietz, Dirk van den Bekerom, (2021). Sandia National Laboratories Plasma Research Facility https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1887347 Publication ID: 75651
Shane Sickafoose, Brian Bentz, Jonathan Frank, Nils Hansen, Matthew Hopkins, Christopher Kliewer, Amanda Lietz, Dirk van den Bekerom, (2021). SNL Plasma Research Facility (PRF) https://doi.org/10.2172/1890881 Publication ID: 75935
Dirk van den Bekerom, Erxiong Huang, Caleb Richards, Igor Adamovich, Jonathan Frank, (2021). 2D Imaging of Methyl in a N2/CH4 Nanosecond Pulsed Plasma by Photo-Fragmentation Laser Induced Fluorescence https://doi.org/10.2172/1888978 Publication ID: 75493
David Osborn, Bo Zhou, Erxiong Huang, Raybel Almeida, Sadi Gurses, Alexander Ungar, Johan Zetterberg, Ambarish Kulkarni, Coleman Kronawitter, Nils Hansen, Jonathan Frank, Bibek Samanta, Ravin Fernando, Daniel Roesch, Hanna Reisler, (2021). Imaging the Near-Surface Gas Phase: A New Approach to Coupled Gas-Surface Chemistry https://doi.org/10.2172/1871428 Publication ID: 78717
Julien Manin, Lyle Pickett, Scott Skeen, Jonathan Frank, (2021). Image processing methods for Rayleigh scattering measurements of diesel spray mixing at high repetition rate Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-021-07624-7 Publication ID: 78338
Jonathan Frank, (2021). Advances in imaging of chemically reacting flows Journal of Chemical Physics https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0028249 Publication ID: 77568
Bo Zhou, Tao Li, Jonathan Frank, Andreas Dreizler, Benjamin Böhm, (2021). Simultaneous 10 kHz three-dimensional CH2O and tomographic PIV measurements in a lifted partially-premixed jet flame Proceedings of the Combustion Institute https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.07.039 Publication ID: 77484
Bo Zhou, Jonathan Frank, (2021). Experimental study of vorticity-strain interactions in turbulent premixed counterflow flames Proceedings of the Combustion Institute https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.06.182 Publication ID: 72390
Bo Zhou, Erxiong Huang, Raybel Almeida, Sadi Gurses, Alexander Ungar, Johan Zetterberg, Ambarish Kulkarni, Coleman Kronawitter, David Osborn, Nils Hansen, Jonathan Frank, (2021). Near-Surface Imaging of the Multicomponent Gas Phase above a Silver Catalyst during Partial Oxidation of Methanol ACS Catalysis https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c04396 Publication ID: 77546
Bo Zhou, Jonathan Frank, (2020). Experimental Study of Vorticity-Strain Interactions in Turbulent Premixed Counterflow Flames https://doi.org/10.2172/1838151 Publication ID: 72389
Jonathan Frank, (2020). Near-surface detection of the multi-component gas phase above catalysts with optical diagnostics and mass spectrometry https://doi.org/10.2172/1835664 Publication ID: 72174
Jonathan Frank, David Chandler, Martin Fournier, Eric Smoll, (2020). Velocity Map Imaging for Electron Energy Distribution Measurements in REMPI-initiated Plasma https://doi.org/10.2172/1830972 Publication ID: 71252
David Osborn, Jonathan Frank, Nils Hansen, Ambarish Kulkarni, Coleman Kronawitter, bruce gates, (2019). Coupled Gas-Surface Chemistry: New Tools for Discovery Science https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1641664 Publication ID: 70513
Bo Zhou, Adam Ruggles, Erxiong Huang, Jonathan Frank, (2019). Wavelet-based algorithm for correction of beam-steering artefacts in turbulent flow imaging at elevated pressures Experiments in Fluids https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-019-2782-6 Publication ID: 70293
Bo Zhou, Jonathan Frank, Erxiong Huang, Adam. Ruggles, (2019). Beam-steering artefacts correction for 100 kHz turbulent flow imaging at elevated pressure using a wavelet-based algorithm https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1639465 Publication ID: 67577
Jonathan Frank, David Chandler, Martin Fournier, Mark Jaska, (2018). New High-Resolution Electron Scattering Capability https://doi.org/10.2172/1481604 Publication ID: 59458
Bo Zhou, Jonathan Frank, (2018). Simultaneous Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry and Laser-induced Fluorescence Imaging in Turbulent Flames https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1806646 Publication ID: 63259
Bo Zhou, Jonathan Frank, (2018). Simultaneous 3D CH2O LIF and tomographic PIV measurements at 10 kHz in lifted turbulent jet flames https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1806645 Publication ID: 63260
Panos Sphicas, Lyle Pickett, Scott Skeen, Jonathan Frank, (2018). Inter-plume aerodynamics for gasoline spray collapse International Journal of Engine Research https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087417740306 Publication ID: 56892
Jonathan Frank, Bruno Coriton, Lyle Pickett, Panos Sphicas, Scott Skeen, Adam Ruggles, Joeseph Oefelein, Anthony Ruiz, (2017). PIV Measurements of Flame-Strain Rate Interactions and Fuel Injection Dynamics https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1470819 Publication ID: 58404
Jonathan Frank, (2017). Recent Developments in Laser Imaging Diagnostics for Studying Turbulence-Flame Interactions https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1470955 Publication ID: 58441
Jonathan Frank, Jonathan Frank, Brian Patterson, Erxiong Huang, Bo Zhou, Christopher Kliewer, (2017). Simultaneous Temperature and Velocity Measurements with 2D-CARS and PIV https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1466105 Publication ID: 58078
Bo Zhou, Bo Zhou, Bo Zhou, Jonathan Frank, (2017). Strategy for background-free high speed OH measurement in turbulent flames https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1464093 Publication ID: 57846
Julien Manin, Lyle Pickett, Scott Skeen, Jonathan Frank, (2017). Time-resolved measurements of mixing quantities in diesel jets https://doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2017.9.C103 Publication ID: 57097
Jonathan Frank, (2017). Probing the structure of turbulent flames with tomographic PIV and high speed imaging https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1505701 Publication ID: 54906
Bruno Coriton, Jonathan Frank, (2017). Impact of heat release on strain rate field in turbulent premixed Bunsen flames Proceedings of the Combustion Institute https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2016.07.006 Publication ID: 47157
Bruno Coriton, Seong Im, Mirko Gamba, Jonathan Frank, (2017). Flow Field and Scalar Measurements in a Series of Turbulent Partially-Premixed Dimethyl Ether/Air Jet Flames Combustion and Flame https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.02.014 Publication ID: 55471
Bruno Coriton, Jonathan Frank, Alessandro Gomez, (2016). Interaction of turbulent premixed flames with combustion products: Role of stoichiometry Combustion and Flame https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.04.020 Publication ID: 48112
Maksym Zhelyeznyakov, Jonathan Frank, Bruno Coriton, (2016). Lagrangian Analysis applied to High- Speed Tomographic PIV https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1373244 Publication ID: 51285
Bruno Coriton, Jonathan Frank, (2016). Experimental study of vorticity-strain rate interaction in turbulent partially premixed jet flames using tomographic particle image velocimetry Physics of Fluids https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4941528 Publication ID: 48448
Jonathan Frank, Lyle Pickett, Scott Bisson, Brian Patterson, Adam Ruggles, Scott Skeen, Julien Manin, Erxiong Huang, Dave Cicone, Panos Sphicas, (2015). Quantitative Imaging of Turbulent Mixing Dynamics in High-Pressure Fuel Injection to Enable Predictive Simulations of Engine Combustion https://doi.org/10.2172/1331503 Publication ID: 46001
Bruno Coriton, Masoomeh Zendehdel, Satoshi Ukai, Andreas Kronenburg, Oliver Stein, Seong Im, Mirko Gamba, Jonathan Frank, (2015). Imaging measurements and LES-CMC modeling of a partially-premixed turbulent dimethyl ether/air jet flame Proceedings of the Combustion Institute https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1124252 Publication ID: 32017
Bruno Coriton, Jonathan Frank, (2015). High-speed tomographic PIV measurements of strain rate intermittency and clustering in turbulent partially-premixed jet flames Proceedings of the Combustion Institute https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1124249 Publication ID: 32018
Sgouria Lyra, Hemanth Kolla, Bruno Coriton, Jacqueline Chen, Jonathan Frank, (2014). Counterow H2/air premixed ames under intense turbulence and strain Flow, Turbulence and Combustion https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1184496 Publication ID: 39141
Jonathan Frank, Bruno Coriton, Erxiong Huang, David Osborn, (2014). In-Situ Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Flames https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1241697 Publication ID: 38757
Jonathan Frank, (2014). CRF Webpage https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1695597 Publication ID: 40406
Jonathan Frank, (2014). Imaging Diagnostics for Turbulent Combustion https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1686285 Publication ID: 40018
Jonathan Frank, Bruno Coriton, Erxiong Huang, David Osborn, (2013). In-situ Soft X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Flames Physical Review Letters https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1114596 Publication ID: 36149
Jonathan Frank, Bruno Coriton, (2013). High-Speed Tomographic PIV and OH PLIF Measurements in Turbulent Reactive Flows Experiments in Fluids https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1110376 Publication ID: 35644
Jonathan Frank, (2013). A compact single-camera system for high-speed, simultaneous 3-D velocity and temperature measurements https://doi.org/10.2172/1096499 Publication ID: 35645
Bruno Coriton, Jonathan Frank, (2012). NON-ADIABATIC INTERACTION OF TURBULENT PREMIXED FLAMES WITH COUNTERFLOWING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1073207 Publication ID: 28935
Jonathan Frank, (2011). CRF Website- Reacting Flows- Advanced Imaging https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1663300 Publication ID: 24294
Jonathan Frank, (2011). Advanced Imaging Diagnostics for Reacting Flows John Frank_New.ppt https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1110530 Publication ID: 21314
Jonathan Frank, Matthew Lawson, Khachik Sargsyan, Bert Debusschere, Habib Najm, (2010). Uncertainty quantification of cinematic imaging for development of predictive simulations of turbulent combustion https://doi.org/10.2172/1011617 Publication ID: 21159
Andrea Hsu, Jonathan Frank, (2009). Application of advanced laser diagnostics to hypersonic wind tunnels and combustion systems https://doi.org/10.2172/993892 Publication ID: 16724
Jonathan Frank, Chunsang Yoo, Jacqueline Chen, (2009). Effect of NO on extinction and re-ignition of vortex-perturbed hydrogen flames Proposed for publication in the Combustion and Flame Journal. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/958199 Publication ID: 15559
Waruna Kulatilaka, Brian Patterson, Jonathan Frank, Thomas Settersten, (2008). Comparison of nanosecond and picosecond excitation for interference-free two-photon laser-induced fluorescence detection of atomic hydrogen in flames Applied Optics https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1145433 Publication ID: 13522
Chunsang Yoo, Jacqueline Chen, Jonathan Frank, (2008). A numerical study of transient ignition and flame characteristics of diluted hydrogen versus heated air in counterflow Proposed for publication in Combustion and Flame. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.10.018 Publication ID: 14608
Waruna Kulatilaka, Brian Patterson, Jonathan Frank, (2007). Interference-Free Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging of Atomic Hydrogen in Flames https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1146765 Publication ID: 12310
Jonathan Frank, R. Barlow, (2007). Non-premixed Turbulent Combustion https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1714512 Publication ID: 11448
Waruna Kulatilaka, Jonathan Frank, Brian Patterson, (2007). Investigation of photolytic interferences in nanosecond and picosecond excitation schemes for two-photon laser-induced fluorescence imaging of atomic hydrogen in flames https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1146507 Publication ID: 11469
Sebastian Kaiser, Jonathan Frank, (2007). Imaging of dissipative structures in the near field of a turbulent non-premixed jet flame Proceedings of the Combustion Institute https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1465584 Publication ID: 6477
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