Figure 2. Schematic of the modeled, prototypical lignocellulosic biochemical ethanol plant utilizing separate enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation steps.

Thermochemical integration key to improving the efficiency of bio-ethanol production

A recently concluded CRF study as revealed the important role of combustion in the efficient operation of cellulosic ethanol plants for producing  biofuels. Unlike ‘first-generation’ ethanol derived from the fermentation of sugar or starch sources (such as corn), future production of ethanol in the United States is expected (and indeed is federally mandated) to increasingly…

Figure 1. Schematic of the optically accessible HCCI research engine.

Characterizing the development of thermal stratification in HCCI engines

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines can deliver high efficiencies—comparable to a diesel engine or higher—and ultra-low NOx and particulate emissions. They also offer the potential for lower cost than diesel engines and do not require expensive diesel-emissions after treatment for a significantly lower overall package price. HCCI is therefore well suited for future transportation…